Texas

State

Add Comparison

2019 Population

29M

1.02% 1-year growth

US Senator

John Cornyn

Republican Party

US Senator

Ted Cruz

Republican Party

2019 Median Age

35.1

0.573% 1-year increase

2019 Poverty Rate

14.7%

4.67% 1-year decrease

2019 Median Household Income

$64,034

5.62% 1-year growth

2019 Median Property Value

$200,400

7.74% 1-year growth

2019 Employed Population

13.1M

2.97% 1-year growth

About

In 2019, Texas had a population of 29M people with a median age of 35.1 and a median household income of $64,034. Between 2018 and 2019 the population of Texas grew from 28.7M to 29M, a 1.02% increase and its median household income grew from $60,629 to $64,034, a 5.62% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Texas are White (Non-Hispanic) (41.1%), White (Hispanic) (32.2%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (11.9%), Other (Hispanic) (5.76%), and Asian (Non-Hispanic) (4.93%). 35.6% of the households in Texas speak a non-English language at home as their primary language.

89.7% of the residents in Texas are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Texas are Texas A & M University-College Station (19,611 degrees awarded in 2020), The University of Texas at Austin (15,363 degrees), and The University of Texas at Arlington (14,095 degrees).

In 2019, the median property value in Texas was $200,400, and the homeownership rate was 61.9%. Most people in Texas drove alone to work, and the average commute time was 25.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Texas was 2 cars per household.

Texas borders Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.

About the photo: Austin at Sunset

Photo by Ed Schipul

United States

Diversity

Texas is home to a population of 29M people, from which 89.7% are citizens. As of 2019, 16.6% of Texas residents were born outside of the country (4.81M people).

In 2019, there were 1.28 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (11.9M people) in Texas than any other race or ethnicity. There were 9.34M White (Hispanic) and 3.44M Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

The most common foreign languages spoken in Texas are Spanish (7,874,853 speakers), Vietnamese (226,370 speakers), and Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese) (182,175 speakers).

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Texas

White (Non-Hispanic)
11.9M ± 5.81k
White (Hispanic)
9.34M ± 45.2k
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
3.44M ± 17.7k

39.7%

Hispanic Population

11.5M people

39.7% of the people in Texas are hispanic (11.5M people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Texas as a share of the total population.

Non-English Speakers

Most Common Languages

Spanish
7,874,853 speakers (29.2%)
Vietnamese
226,370 speakers (0.838%)
Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese)
182,175 speakers (0.674%)

35.6% of Texas citizens are speakers of a non-English language, which is higher than the national average of 22%.

In 2019, the most common non-English language spoken in Texas was Spanish. 29.2% of the overall population of Texas are native Spanish speakers. 0.838% speak Vietnamese and 0.674% speak Chinese (Incl. Mandarin, Cantonese), the next two most common languages.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

16.6%

2019 Foreign-Born Population

4.81M people

16.5%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

4.74M people

As of 2019, 16.6% of Texas residents (4.81M people) were born outside of the United States, which is higher than the national average of 13.7%. In 2018, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Texas was 16.5%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Texas compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.1

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 0.3

In 2019, the median age of all people in Texas was 35.1. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 32, were generally younger than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 44. But people in Texas are getting getting older. In 2018, the average age of all Texas residents was 35.

Global Diversity

Most Common Origin

Mexico
2,429,667 ± 36,631 people
India
295,205 ± 13,271 people
El Salvador
240,462 ± 11,989 people

In 2019, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Texas was Mexico, the natal country of 2,429,667 Texas residents, followed by India with 295,205 and El Salvador with 240,462.

Citizenship

89.7%

2019 Citizenship

89.3%

2018 Citizenship

As of 2019, 89.7% of Texas residents were US citizens, which is lower than the national average of 93.4%. In 2018, the percentage of US citizens in Texas was 89.3%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been increasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Texas compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
421,918 ± 8,947
Gulf War (2001-)
397,443 ± 12,984
Gulf War (1990s)
247,336 ± 10,315

Texas has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.06 times greater than any other conflict.

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

Y-Axis

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Texas, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Unemployment Insurance Claims

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Texas (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Employment by Industry Sector

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.

Y-Axis

8.45%

Year-over-year growth

Employment change between May 2020 and May 2021

As of May 2021, there are 145M people employed in Texas. This represents a 8.45% increase in employment when compared to May 2020.

The following chart shows monthly employment numbers for each industry sector in Texas.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Texas across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Economy

Median household income in Texas is $64,034. In 2019, the county with the highest Median Household Income in Texas was Rockwall County, TX with a value of $103,378, followed by Fort Bend County, TX and Collin County, TX, with respective values of $101,293 and $96,134.

Males in Texas have an average income that is 1.37 times higher than the average income of females, which is $50,216. The income inequality in Texas (measured using the Gini index) is 0.477, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Texas employs 13.1M people. The largest industries in Texas are Construction (1,072,299 people), Elementary & secondary schools (915,242 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (896,492 people), and the highest paying industries are Software publishing ($148,713), Oil & gas extraction ($136,079), and Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($119,045).

Wages

Median Household Income

$64,034

2019 value

± $500

5.62%

1 Year Growth

± 0.858%

Households in Texas have a median annual income of $64,034, which is less than the median annual income of $65,712 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $60,629 in 2018, which represents a 5.62% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Texas compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Sex in Common Jobs

$68,763

Average Male Salary in Texas

± $711

$50,216

Average Female Salary in Texas

± $564

In 2019, full-time male employees in Texas made 1.37 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the sex-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Texas by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Texas

Alaska Native
$71,002 ± $51,672
Asian
$70,200 ± $2,161
White
$55,818 ± $520

In 2019 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Texas workers was Alaska Native. These workers were paid 1.01 times more than Asian workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Texas.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Texas by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

0.477

2019 Wage GINI in Texas

0.479

2018 Wage GINI in Texas

In 2019, the income inequality in Texas was 0.477 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.511% decline from 2018 to 2019, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat more even. The GINI for Texas was lower than than the national average of 0.478. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Texas in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Texas across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Race/Ethnicity

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

In 2019, the county with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Texas was Rockwall County, TX with a value of $103,378, followed by Fort Bend County, TX and Collin County, TX, with respective values of $101,293 and $96,134.

The following map shows all of the counties in Texas colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Sex

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

14.7% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Texas (4.07M out of 27.6M people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 12.3%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 18 - 24 and then Males 6 - 11.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
2,825,719 ± 14,450
Hispanic
2,262,560 ± 12,711
Black
635,355 ± 6,768

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Texas is White, followed by Hispanic and Black.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

13.1M

2019 Value

2.97%

1 Year growth

± 2.97%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Texas grew at a rate of 2.97%, from 12.7M employees to 13.1M employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Texas, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (357,116 people), Other managers (335,334 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (307,510 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Texas.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Texas, by number of employees, are Driver/sales workers & truck drivers (357,116 people), Other managers (335,334 people), and Elementary & middle school teachers (307,510 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other states, Texas has an unusually high number of residents working as Petroleum, mining & geological engineers, including mining safety engineers (5.89 times higher than expected), Derrick, rotary drill, & service unit operators, & roustabouts, oil, gas, & mining (4.38 times), and Pumping station operators (3.74 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Texas, by average salary, are Surgeons ($369,514), Physicians ($233,065), and Chief executives & legislators ($191,289).

Industries

Employment by Industries

13.1M

2019 Value

2.97%

1 Year growth

± 2.97%

From 2018 to 2019, employment in Texas grew at a rate of 2.97%, from 12.7M employees to 13.1M employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Texas, are Construction (1,072,299 people), Elementary & secondary schools (915,242 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (896,492 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Texas, though some of these residents may live in Texas and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Texas, by number of employees, are Construction (1,072,299 people), Elementary & secondary schools (915,242 people), and Restaurants & Food Services (896,492 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other states, Texas has an unusually high number of Support activities for mining (5.76 times higher than expected), Oil & gas extraction (5.73 times), and Petroleum refining (5.08 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Texas, by average salary, are Software publishing ($148,713), Oil & gas extraction ($136,079), and Securities, commodities, funds, trusts & other financial investments ($119,045).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Texas to other states, or from other states to Texas.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

Electronics
$292B
Gasoline
$210B
Fuel oils
$178B

In 2020, the top outbound Texas product (by dollars) was Electronics with $292B, followed by Gasoline ($210B) and Fuel oils ($178B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Texas products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Texas.

$2.36T

2020 Value in Texas

$4.5T

Projected 2050 Value in Texas

90.9% growth

In 2020, total outbound Texas trade was $2.36T. This is expected to increase 90.9% to $4.5T by 2050.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Texas trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Texas to other states, or from other states to Texas.

Most Common Trade Partners

Louisiana
$78.1B
California
$76.4B
Michigan
$74.9B

In 2020, the top outbound Texas domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Louisiana with $78.1B, followed by California with $76.4B and Michigan and $74.9B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Texas shares with each state (excluding itself).

Civics

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Texas went to Donald J. Trump with 52.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (46.5%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.12%). The most partisan county was Roberts County, TX with 96.2% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

John Cornyn and Ted Cruz are the senators currently representing the state of Texas. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Texas is currently represented by 36 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

2020 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (52.1%)
Republican Party
Joseph R Biden Jr. (46.5%)
Democratic Party
Jo Jorgensen (1.12%)
Libertarian Party

In the 2020 presidential election, the popular vote in Texas went to Donald J. Trump with 52.1% of the vote. The runner-up was Joseph R Biden Jr. (46.5%), followed by Jo Jorgensen (1.12%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Texas for each registered party from 1976 to 2020.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Texas

52.1% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Texas

Roberts County, TX
96.2% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Borden County, TX
95.4% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
King County, TX
95% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2020 presidential election, the most partisan county in Texas was Roberts County, TX with 96.2% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Texas colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Texas

John Cornyn

Senator from Texas

Assumed office on December 2, 2002
Phil Gramm resigned (effective November 30, 2002) a few weeks before the expiration of his term in hopes that his successor, fellow Republican John Cornyn, could gain seniority over other newly elected senators. However, Cornyn did not gain additional seniority due to a 1980 Rules Committee policy.

Ted Cruz

Senator from Texas

Assumed office on January 3, 2013

John Cornyn and Ted Cruz are the senators currently representing Texas.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Texas over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Texas

Texas is currently represented by 36 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Texas have changed over time starting in 2008.

Education

In 2020, universities in Texas awarded 381,449 degrees. The student population of Texas is skewed towards women, with 666,438 male students and 961,361 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Texas are White (141,266 and 39%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (136,764 and 37.8%), Black or African American (42,412 and 11.7%), and Asian (23,423 and 6.47%).

The largest universities in Texas by number of degrees awarded are Texas A & M University-College Station (19,611 and 5.14%), The University of Texas at Austin (15,363 and 4.03%), and The University of Texas at Arlington (14,095 and 3.7%).

The most popular majors in Texas are General Studies (38,990 and 10.2%), General Business Administration & Management (21,817 and 5.72%), and Registered Nursing (18,333 and 4.81%).

The median tuition costs in Texas are $23,118 for private four year colleges, and $5,856 and $17,921 respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

Registered Nursing
11,514 degree-majorss awarded
Other Multidisciplinary Studies
9,657 degree-majorss awarded
General Psychology
7,377 degree-majorss awarded

In 2020, the most common concentation for Bachelors Degree recipients in Texas was Registered Nursing with 11,514 degrees awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Bachelors Degree from schools in Texas according to their major.

Universities

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

Texas A & M University-College Station
19,611 degrees awarded
The University of Texas at Austin
15,363 degrees awarded
The University of Texas at Arlington
14,095 degrees awarded

$5,856

Median In-State Public

$23,118

Median Private

In 2020, the Texas institution with the largest number of graduating students was Texas A & M University-College Station with 19,611 degrees awarded.

Student Sex for Common Institutions

157,846

Degrees Awarded to Men

223,603

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2020, 157,846 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Texas, which is 0.706 times less than the 223,603 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the sex disparity between the top 5 institutions in Texas by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
141,266 degrees awarded
Hispanic or Latino
136,764 degrees awarded
Black or African American
42,412 degrees awarded

In 2020 the most common race/ethnicity group awarded degrees at institutions in Texas was White students. These 141,266 degrees mean that there were 1.03 times more degrees awarded to White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Hispanic or Latino, with 136,764 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Texas was $200,400 in 2019, which is 0.833 times smaller than the national average of $240,500. Between 2018 and 2019 the median property value increased from $186,000 to $200,400, a 7.74% increase. The homeownership rate in Texas is 61.9%, which is lower than the national average of 64.1%. People in Texas have an average commute time of 25.7 minutes, and they drove alone to work. Car ownership in Texas is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$200,400

2019 Median

± $1,201

$186,000

2018 Median

± $1,168

In 2019, the median property value in Texas grew to to $200,400 from the previous year's value of $186,000.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Texas compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Texas the largest share of households have a property value in the $200k - $250k range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$64,034

Median Household Income

± $500

9.99M

Number of Households

± 60,880

In 2019, the median household income of the 9.99M households in Texas grew to $64,034 from the previous year's value of $60,629.

The following chart displays the households in Texas distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

$3k+

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Texas distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Texas the largest share of households pay taxes in the $3k+ range.

Rent vs Own

61.9%

2019 Homeownership

61.7%

2018 Homeownership

In 2019, 61.9% of the housing units in Texas were occupied by their owner. This percentage grew from the previous year's rate of 61.7%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is lower than the national average of 64.1%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Texas compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

25.7 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Texas have a shorter commute time (25.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (26 minutes). Additionally, 2.54% of the workforce in Texas have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Texas compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Commute in 2019

Drove Alone (80.1%)
Carpooled (9.7%)
Worked At Home (5.71%)

In 2019, 80.1% of workers in Texas drove alone to work, followed by those who carpooled to work (9.7%) and those who worked at home (5.71%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Texas distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Texas have 2 cars, followed by false.

Health

81.6% of the population of Texas has health coverage, with 46.2% on employee plans, 13.9% on Medicaid, 9.36% on Medicare, 10.4% on non-group plans, and 1.77% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Texas was $6,998 in 2014. This is a 5.06% increase from the previous year ($6,661).

Primary care physicians in Texas see 1642 patients per year on average, which represents a 0% change from the previous year (1642 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 1677 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 827 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Trinity County has the highest prevalence of diabetes (23.2%). Additionally, Burleson County has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (46.6%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

1,642 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Texas

Primary care physicians in Texas see an average of 1,642 patients per year. This represents a 0% change from the previous year (1,642 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Texas in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Texas.

$6,998

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Texas

$4,696

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$7,273

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,895

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Texas (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 5.06%, from $6,661 to $6,998.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

18.4%

Uninsured

46.2%

Employer Coverage

13.9%

Medicaid

9.36%

Medicare

10.4%

Non-Group

1.77%

Military or VA

Between 2018 and 2019, the percent of uninsured citizens in Texas grew by 3.62% from 17.7% to 18.4%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Texas changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.